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The evaluation of milk quality in selected countries of European Union
POKORNÝ, Martin
The diploma thesis deals with the assessment of qualitative indicators of raw cow's milk supplies within the European Union (EU) and the Czech Republic (CR), de-pending on the year and course of the year. Within the EU average values for the observed period 2016-2020 were found for fat contents of 4.01 ? 0.26% and protein content of 3.39 ? 0.13%; in the CR 3.91 ? 0.11% and 3.46 ? 0.08%. The effect of the year within the EU countries was demonstrated only in terms of protein content (p <0.001). When evaluating the effect of individual months in EU countries, includ-ing the CR, statistically significant differences in fat (p <0.001) and protein (p <0.001) content were demonstrated. In summer, the values of both components in-creased, while in winter they decreased. The results of the evaluation of bulk milk samples purchased in the CR show, depending on the year, that the effect on the total bacteria count (p <0.001), residues of inhibitory substances (p <0.05) and freez-ing point of milk (p <0.001) was also found. The effect of the year was elicited for the total bacteria count (p <0.05) and the somatic cell count (p <0.001). From the point of view of milk sales, the quality of raw milk is a primary goal for the producer and at the same time a decisive factor in the monetization of this important animal commodity.
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Ftaláty v kravském mléce
Hrušáková, Jolana
This study investigates the occurrence of di-butyl phthalate (DBP) and di-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) in raw cow's milk. The idea was to compare level of contamination in manually and mechanically obtained milk. Samples were collected at a farm in the Vysočina region in January and April 2013. The concentrations of DBP and DEHP were determined by high performance liquid chromatography. Throughout the experiment a statistically significantly higher content of DBP than DEHP was observed. The concentration of DBP ranged from 0,57 to 16,79 mg.kg-1 of milk, DEHP ranged from undetectable values to 0,39 mg.kg-1 of milk. The amount of phthalates in the mechanically obtained milk was approximately two times higher than in the milk milked by hand, probably due to migration from the contact materials of the milking equipment. In April a slight decrease in the concentration values was observed, but the values did not differ statistically significantly from the values measured in January. The presence of phthalates in milk on the primary production level is a shining example of their wide application, which burdens the environment and the food chain.
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Somatic cell count in raw cow milk in relation to the used methods of mastitis prevention
MÍKOVÁ, Andrea
Graduation theses are inquired into question of somatic cell count (SCC) in row cow milk in relation to the used methods of mastitis prevention. In the year 2005 and 2006 was following values of SCC in raw cow milk in tetra breeding dairy cows. Breeds are differentating from each other with technology of breeding (horsy, summer pasture), technology of lairege and milking. SCC in bulk tank milk was determined according to ČSN EN ISO 133366 {--} 3 milk. Lowest average funds PSB (156,3 {$\cdot$} 10{$^3$} {$\cdot$} mlˉ{$^1$}) was determined in breeding with summer pasture (loos pen bedding housing). Breed with stanchion bedded housing without pasture (SCC 277,3 {$\cdot$} 10{$^3$} {$\cdot$} mlˉ{$^1$}) and breed with bedding{--}free slatted-floor housing without pasture (SCC 277,4 {$\cdot$}10{$^3$} {$\cdot$} mlˉ{$^1$}) was in a tight spot with inadequancy hygiene of stable and milking. The highest average values of SCC were determinated in loose bedded cubicle housing without pasture (289,1 {$\cdot$} 10{$^3$} {$\cdot$} mlˉ{$^1$}), where was deficiencies in feeding (feeding mouldy silage) and higher dustiness environment. We proved a statistically highly significant difference (P<0,001) between farm using summer pasture and farms without pasture. Main deficiencies in methods of mastitis prevention is that breeds doesn't use individual disposable tissue cloths for the udder wiping, farms doesn't use preddiping, inadequancy in hygiene of lairege and milking, feeding mouldy silage and inadequancy in ransack confirmed dairy cows. Key words: raw cow milk, somatic cell count, technology
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